Overview

A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope. This is the only way to confirm a mesothelioma diagnosis. The type of biopsy depends on the tumor location and patient's overall health.

Why This Matters

Biopsy is essential because it allows pathologists to examine actual tumor cells and determine the cell type (epithelioid, sarcomatoid, or biphasic). This information is critical for treatment planning and prognosis.

Procedures and Tests

Thoracoscopy (VATS)

A minimally invasive procedure using a small camera inserted through the chest wall to visualize and biopsy pleural tumors.

Most common for pleural mesothelioma

Laparoscopy

A similar procedure for peritoneal mesothelioma, where a camera is inserted through small abdominal incisions.

Used for peritoneal mesothelioma

CT-Guided Needle Biopsy

A needle is guided by CT imaging to extract tissue samples from the tumor.

Less invasive but may provide smaller samples

Thoracentesis

Removal of fluid from around the lungs for analysis. May detect cancer cells but often insufficient for definitive diagnosis.

Often first step, may need follow-up biopsy

Open Surgical Biopsy

Traditional surgery to access and remove tissue samples. Provides the largest samples.

Used when other methods are inconclusive

What to Expect

  • Pre-procedure imaging to locate the tumor
  • Local or general anesthesia depending on procedure type
  • Procedure duration typically 30 minutes to 2 hours
  • Recovery time varies by procedure type
  • Results typically available within 1-2 weeks

Advantages

  • Provides definitive diagnosis
  • Identifies cell type for treatment planning
  • Minimally invasive options available
  • High accuracy with adequate samples

Limitations

  • Small samples may miss cell type variations
  • Some procedures require hospitalization
  • Risk of complications (bleeding, infection)
  • May need repeat biopsy if sample insufficient

Next Steps After Diagnosis

Once mesothelioma is confirmed, your medical team will work to determine the stage of the disease and develop a treatment plan. This typically involves:

  • Additional imaging to assess cancer spread
  • Consultation with mesothelioma specialists
  • Discussion of treatment options based on cell type and stage
  • Consideration of clinical trial eligibility
Learn about staging → Explore treatment options →